The case study area is along the Apulian coast (South-East) where the impacts of soil and groundwater salinization are critically encroached with the evolution of coastal wetlands (a unique wildlife heritage included among WWF Nature Reserves) and with water management issues. Relevant data on groundwater-seawater interaction, agricultural practices and integrated water resources management are available to scale up this case-study at watershed and regional level.
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The case study area covers the entire Qatar Peninsula, with its interconnected aquifer systems. Most of the groundwater pumping for irrigation occurs in the Northern-coastal area, but the harsh climate, the water resources scarcity, the erratic rainfall, unfertile soils, and poor water management put strong pressures on (fossil) groundwater resources to support domestic food production, which has been boosted in the aftermath of the blockade in 2017. Groundwater systems, already characterized by high salinity, are decreasing in quantity and quality. Given the current growing demand from groundwater sources to meet the increase in local food production, the elaboration of sustainable management practices and salinity control, combined with elaboration of a new water resources portfolio strategies would strongly benefit Qatar's water resources management.
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The study area is in the Cosumnes groundwater basin, South of Sacramento in Central Valley. Its watershed extends from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Bay area, and it is interested by a diversity of management issues. To develop future sustainable management scenarios, it is necessary to enhance data collection for groundwater levels, surface water flow and groundwater quality. A unique array of pilot management projects, such as managed aquifer recharge, are already taking place and will provide further knowledge about the response of the system to different stresses.
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